新文化地理学的理论统一性与话题多样性   总被引：14，自引：6，他引：8  

钱俊希  朱竑 《地理研究》2015,34(3)

新文化地理学起源于20世纪80年代,是对传统文化地理学研究范式的激进反思甚至颠覆。首先,新文化地理学具有理论基础的统一性。其反对伯克利学派"超有机体"的文化观,认为"文化"并非具象的"物体",而是在特定的社会情景或社会关系之下由社会群体自下而上地建构或生产的。自然、景观、地方、空间等地理学要素也并非"文化"被动的表达或容器,而是建构意义与价值系统的关键维度。其次,新文化地理学具有研究话题的多样性。这种多样性不应该被简单理解为研究视角的分散性或破碎性,而是新文化地理学的文化观带来的必然结果。新文化地理学关注草根群体自下而上的文化实践、不同群体与不同尺度的文化事项、以及瞬息万变的日常生活经验。因此,这极大地拓展了其研究话题的广度。目前,中国地理学中有关文化的研究还处在比较边缘化的位置,但现代中国社会的高速变迁迫切地要求文化地理学者从文化的社会性与空间性出发,探讨社会成员赋予自然、景观、地方、空间等地理学要素的文化意义,以及文化这一维度在经济地理学、城市地理学等研究中的重要作用。  相似文献   

论《GIS空间分析》课程建设   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

刘正才  朱建军 《测绘工程》2004,13(3):72-74

综述了GIS空间分析理论的相关知识面和知识点,分析了课程的教学适应性,提出了课程建设的几点建议.  相似文献   

航空数码相机及其有关问题   总被引：42，自引：0，他引：42  

张祖勋 《测绘工程》2004,13(4):1-5

介绍了两种航空数码相机的结构;分析了它们与中心投影的关系及相关的问题,如摄影比例尺、像片覆盖范围、测图精度等;并指出了这两种航空数码相机带来的两个问题:像对数增多、高程精度降低;最后提出了解决这两个问题的方法:按图幅为单位进行立体测图、DEM生成,基本实现模型接边自动化;按多目视觉的理论,利用大重叠影像增大交会角,提高高程精度.  相似文献   

Engineering characteristics and uses of duricrusts in Australia     

G. H. McNally 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):535-547

The uses and shortcomings of duricrusts (ferricrete, calcrete and silcrete) in engineering construction (as used for road‐base, aggregate, foundation materials and aquifers) are reviewed. Australian production of these materials represents about one‐third of all unprocessed road‐base and they are especially important as pavement courses for lightly trafficked, low‐cost rural and outback roads. However, duricrusts are regarded as marginal materials at best because of their typically poor grading, particle unsoundness, high fines plasticity, and absorption of water and bitumen. These materials are used because they are available locally in areas that are otherwise lacking in hard rock materials, such as deeply weathered and sedimentary rock terrains. The weathering profiles of which they form part are characterized by high permeability (despite being clay‐rich), variable cementation, low compressibility and a tendency to become weaker with depth. Although the more indurated layers are unrippable, they are also difficult to blast. Pedogenic (nodular) duricrusts were formerly sought for natural road‐base, because they occur widely and require only rudimentary processing. However, well‐cemented groundwater (vadose) duricrusts are now the preferred deposits, even though they require crushing and screening. Ferricrete is the most widely exploited of the duricrusts for engineering purposes, especially in northern and southwestern Australia, although calcrete is important in South Australia and in the Murray Basin. Silcrete is only a minor source of aggregate and road‐base, mainly in western Queensland.  相似文献   

广州市基础地理空间数据建库及动态更新     

秦亮军  刘洋  欧海平  肖海威 《测绘工程》2010,19(5):44-48

城市基础地理空间数据库是支撑城市社会经济发展的重要基础性和战略性资源。目前,城市基础测绘部门在建库过程中普遍存在着很多技术难题。为此,基于EPS2008地理信息工作站平台,以广州市城市基础空间数据库建设为例,主要介绍建库和更新的方法,全面解决大比例尺制图和建库的一体化、空间数据图形和属性的一体化、面向对象或要素的数据动态更新机制及数据生产平台和数据管理平台一体化等技术难题,并取得显著成效。  相似文献   

Chemical and physical properties affecting strontium distribution coefficients of surficial-sediment samples at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho     

M. J. Liszewski  J. J. Rosentreter  K. E. Miller  R. C. Bartholomay 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(3-4):411-426

 The U.S. Geological Survey and Idaho State University, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, conducted a study to determine strontium distribution coefficients (K_ds) of surficial sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Batch experiments using synthesized aqueous solutions were used to determine K_ds, which describe the distribution of a solute between the solution and solid phase, of 20 surficial-sediment samples from the INEEL. The K_ds for the 20 surficial-sediment samples ranged from 36 to 275 ml/g. Many properties of both the synthesized aqueous solutions and sediments used in the experiments also were determined. Solution properties determined were initial and equilibrium concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and strontium, pH and specific conductance, and initial concentrations of potassium and sodium. Sediment properties determined were grain-size distribution, bulk mineralogy, whole-rock major-oxide and strontium and barium concentrations, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. Solution and sediment properties were correlated with strontium K_ds of the 20 surficial sediments using Pearson correlation coefficients. Solution properties with the strongest correlations with strontium K_ds were equilibrium pH and equilibrium calcium concentration correlation coefficients, 0.6598 and –0.6518, respectively. Sediment properties with the strongest correlations with strontium K_ds were manganese oxide (MnO), BET surface area, and the >4.75-mm-grain-size fraction correlation coefficients, 0.7054, 0.7022, and –0.6660, respectively. Effects of solution properties on strontium K_ds were interpreted as being due to competition among similarly charged and sized cations in solution for strontium-sorption sites; effects of sediment properties on strontium K_ds were interpreted as being surface-area related. Multivariate analyses of these solution and sediment properties resulted in r² values of 0.8071 when all five properties were used and 0.8043 when three properties, equilibrium pH, MnO, and BET surface area, were used. Received: 30 November 1998 · Accepted: 16 February 1999  相似文献   

肺部局灶性磨玻璃结节MDCT 1mm薄层重建后的影像学表现          下载免费PDF全文

鄢英男  张素艳  于铁峰  赵红霞  刘荣华 《CT理论与应用研究》2017,26(2):203-210

目的:分析局灶性磨玻璃结节(fGGO)MDCT 1mm薄层重建后的表现,得到早期肺癌磨玻璃结节的影像学特征。方法:分析53例已经活检或抗炎治疗证实有病理结果的肺部磨玻璃结节,分析其影像学征象,包括病变位置、大小、形态、界面、边缘、空泡、支气管扩张及蜂窝征、细支气管充气、胸膜凹陷征、血管聚集增粗以及mGGO中GGO含量,统计分析各征象在良恶性之间的差异。结果:良、恶性fGGO边缘、界面以及血管聚集增粗具有统计学差异,P<0.05;而患者的一般资料、病灶基本信息及病灶形态、空泡支气管蜂窝、细支气管充气、胸膜凹陷以及mGGO中GGO含量在良恶性fGGO的表现差异不明显,P>0.05。结论:MDCT 1mm薄层重建后的fGGO影像学特征对于鉴别良恶性fGGO及诊断早期肺癌具有极其重要的应用价值。   相似文献   

高拱坝施工初-中期导流风险模型及应用          下载免费PDF全文

张超  胡志根 《水科学进展》2019,30(1):102-111

面向工程设计阶段,采用高拱坝施工动态仿真技术获取施工初-中期挡水度汛面貌数据,综合考虑水文、水力随机性因素,构建高拱坝施工初-中期导流风险模型,提出采用Monte Carlo方法耦合挡水度汛面貌数据和主要随机因素进行风险模型求解的方法。基于风险分析原理提出了导流洞设计的风险判别方法,给出导流洞尺寸设计优化的数学模型和具体步骤。通过金沙江上游某高拱坝工程案例分析的结果表明:所提风险模型及求解方法是适用的、有效的,该模型能够得到整个施工初-中期导流风险率,较为客观地反映高拱坝施工中期度汛可能存在的两种挡水情况,克服了初期导流风险模型的局限性;施工中期导流风险率随导流洞尺寸增大而减小,导流洞尺寸设计的可行方案集存在界限,即优化方案。研究成果可为高拱坝施工导流的风险决策和设计优化提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

海量多源1∶50000正射影像数据建库与集成更新     

王发良  廖安平  朱秀丽  张宏伟 《地理信息世界》2012,(1):22-26,31

高分辨率正射影像不仅是1∶50 000地形数据库更新的数据源,也是1∶50 000数据库更新工程的重要数据产品。本文针对国家1∶50 000更新工程DOM数据库建设目标和要求,提出了建库总体思路、技术方法和海量多源正射影像数据库的技术设计,面向正射影像数据库管理与分发服务需求研制开发了影像库集成管理与数据服务系统软件,实现影像成果数据集成管理和分发服务一体化。  相似文献   

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程广义  张海东  张英利  万鑫  赵淑芬 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(2):96-99

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